Τεύκρος
Ο μύθος
Έλαβε μέρος στον Τρωικό Πόλεμο και θεωρείτο ως ο καλύτερος τοξότης των Ελλήνων. Πληγώθηκε από τον Έκτορα, αλλά σώθηκε από τον Αίαντα. Πήρε μέρος στους ταφικούς αγώνες προς τιμή του Πατρόκλου, όπου νίκησε στην τοξοβολία και ήταν ένας από τους Αχαιούς που μπήκε μέσα στονΔούρειο Ίππο.
Μετά τον πόλεμο, όμως, ο πατέρας του δεν τον δέχτηκε πίσω, και τον έδιωξε γιατί δεν εκδικήθηκε τον θάνατο του αδελφού του. Έτσι ο Τεύκρος, εξόριστος πλέον, πήγε στην Κύπρο, όπου και ίδρυσε την πόλη Σαλαμίνα (κοντά στη σημερινή Αμμόχωστο), σε ανάμνηση της πατρίδας του. Ιστορικά επιβεβαιώνεται η ίδρυση της Σαλαμίνας γύρω στα 1100 π.Χ, χρονολογία που δεν απέχει πολύ από τον χρόνο επιστροφής των ηρώων της Τροίας.
Μια παράδοση αναφέρει, ότι μαζί του στην Κύπρο πήγε και ο Ευρυσάκης, γιος του Αίαντος από την Τέκμησσα, του οποίου την φροντίδα είχε αναλάβει ο Τεύκρος.
Ο Τεύκρος νυμφεύτηκε την κόρη του Κύπρου, Έννη. Οι απόγονοί τους κυβέρνησαν μέχρι τα τέλη του 4ου αιώνα π.Χ.. Τα χνάρια των απογόνων του Τεύκρου χάνονται στην ιστορία, ανάμεσά τους ο Ευέλθων, ο Ονήσιλος, ο Γόργος και πολλοί άλλοι Κύπριοι.
Η ιστορία του Τεύκρου ενέπνευσε πολλούς τραγικούς της αρχαιότητας, όπως ο Σοφοκλής και ο Πακούβιος, που έγραψε την ομώνυμη τραγωδία. Η Σαλαμίνα υπήρξε πρωτεύουσα της Κύπρου για 1000 ολόκληρα χρόνια, εξαιτίας της προνομιακής της θέσης και του λαμπρού της πολιτισμού. Ειδικά κατά τον 8ο-6ο αιώνα π.Χ. άκμασε ο πολιτισμός στη Σαλαμίνα, ενώ κατά το Β’ Ελληνικό Αποικισμό υπήρξε διαμετακομιστικός σταθμός. Ανάμεσα στα περίφημα αρχαιολογικά ευρήματα της Σαλαμίνας είναι και η νεκρόπολή της, κτισμένη ανάμεσα στον 9ο-7ο αιώνα π.Χ, αλλά και οι κτιστοί βασιλικοί τάφοι.
Teucer
Source: Wikipedia
In Greek mythology Teucer (/ˈtjuːsər/), also Teucrus, Teucros or Teucris (Greek: Τεῦκρος, Teukros), was the son of King Telamon of Salamis Island and Hesione, daughter of King Laomedon of Troy. He fought alongside his half-brother, Ajax, in the Trojan War and is the legendary founder of the city of Salamis on Cyprus. Through his mother, Teucer was the nephew of King Priam of Troy and the cousin of Hector and Paris – all of whom he fought against in the Trojan War.
Myths
During the Trojan War, Teucer was mainly a great archer, who loosed his shafts from behind the giant shield of his half-brother Ajax the Great. When Hector was driving the Achaeans back toward their ships, Teucer gave the Argives some success by killing many of the charging Trojans, including Hector’s charioteer, Archeptolemus son of Iphitos. However, every time he shot an arrow at Hector, Apollo, the protector of the Trojans, would foil the shot. At one point in his rage at Teucer’s success, Hector picked up a huge rock and flung it at him. The rock injured Teucer, so that he retired from the fighting for a certain period of time. He took up a spear to fight in the war after his bow was broken by Zeus. He once again challenged Hector, and narrowly avoided the path of Hector’s flying javelin in the ensuing battle. He was also one of the Danaans to enter the Trojan Horse. In total, Teucer slew thirty Trojans during the war; of those Homer mentions Aretaon, Orsilochus, Ormenus, Ophelestes, Daetor, Chromius, Lycophontes, Amopaon, Melanippus, Prothoon and Periphetes, as well as the aforementioned Archeptolemus. He also wounded Glaucus, son of Hippolochus.
After Ajax’s suicide, Teucer guarded the body to make sure it was buried, insulting Menelaus and Agamemnon when they tried to stop the burial. Finally Odysseus persuaded Agamemnon to let the burial happen. Because of his half-brother’s suicide, Teucer stood trial before his father, where he was found guilty of negligence for not bringing his dead half-brother’s body or his arms back with him. He was disowned by his father, wasn’t allowed back on Salamis Island, and set out to find a new home. His departing words were introduced in the seventh ode of the first book of the Roman poet Horace’s Odes, in which he exhorts his companions to “nil desperandum”, “despair in no way”, and announces “cras ingens iterabimus aequor”, “tomorrow we shall set out upon the vast ocean”. This speech has been given a wider applicability in relation to the theme of voyages of discovery, also found in the Ulysses of Tennyson.
Teucer eventually joined King Belus II in his campaign against Cyprus, and when the island was seized, Belus handed it over to him in reward for his assistance. Teucer founded the city of Salamis on Cyprus, which he named after his home state. He further married Eune, daughter of Cyprus or Cinyras, and had by her a daughter Asteria.
The name Teucer is believed to be related to the name of the West Hittite God Tarku (East Hittite Teshub) — the Indo-European Storm God—a role which explains his relationship to Belus, who is the Semitic storm god Baal.
Local legends of the city of Pontevedra (Galicia) relate the foundation of this city to Teucer (Teucro), although this seems to be based more on the suspicions that Greek traders might have arrived to that area in ancient times – hence introducing a number of Greek stories. The city is sometimes poetically called “The City of Teucer” and its inhabitants teucrinos. A number of sporting clubs in the municipality use names related to Teucer.
